![]() ![]() Seismic stations recorded some weak explosion and degassing events on 18 August. INSIVUMEH reported that white-to-blue gas-and-steam emissions rose as high as 600 m above Pacaya’s Mackenney crater and drifted as far as 2 km S, SW, and N during 18-25 August. A comparison of Sentinel 2 satellite images from February 2020 and November 2021 shows the extent of some of the new lava flows produced during the heightened activity of that period (figure 188).ġ8 August-24 August 2021 Cite this Report For the remainder of October and November 2021 steam and gas emissions rose 150-400 m above the crater rim and drifted up to 1.5 km S or SW there were no further reports of ash, ejecta, lava flows, or incandescence from Mackenney crater. Though INSIVUMEH noted the presence of ash in emissions on 14 September 2021, there was no significant plume or ashfall. Courtesy of INSIVUMEH (BOLETÍN VULCANOLÓGICO ESPECIAL BEPAC-103-2021, ACTUALIZACIÓN DE ACTIVIDAD VOLCÁN PACAYA, agosto 4, 2021, 06:15 pm hora local). In late July researchers from the University of Bristol observed the summit of Pacaya and noted the 100-m-deep crater inside the pyroclastic cone that filled Mackenney crater (right). Activity near the end of the 2015-2021 eruption at Pacaya included three explosions on 4 August 2021 (left) that produced an ash plume that drifted N and produced ashfall about 10 km from the summit. Two explosions on 13 August produced ash plumes that drifted 1 km S.įigure 187. The large pyroclastic cone that had nearly filled the inside of Mackenney crater was largely destroyed and had its own crater nearly the width of the cone about 100 m deep when viewed by researchers from the University of Bristol at the end of July (figure 187). INSIVUMEH issued a Special Bulletin on 4 August reporting on three moderate explosions that produced ash plumes that rose to 3.5 km altitude and drifted N about 12 km ashfall was reported in Mesías Altas, Mesías Bajas, and Villa Canales. No ash emissions, flows, or incandescent ejecta were reported during July. The Washington VAAC reported a possible ash emission on 11 June drifting SW 35 km from the summit at 3 km altitude. Sporadic ashfall was reported around Mackenney crater on 8 June 2021. Flow activity ceased by mid-May, with cooling of the flows producing a low-level heat signature through the end of July. High levels of thermal energy at Pacaya were measured from January to mid-May 2021 from the multiple lava flows that emerged from fissures on the flanks of Mackenney crater. Cooling flows were the likely source of low levels of heat during July (figure 186).įigure 186. The MIROVA radiative power data for the period of January-November 2021 shows the high to very high levels of heat flow during the period of multiple active flows from January through mid-May, with an abrupt decline in energy after that. Although no further significant eruptive activity was reported in terms of flows, incandescent ejecta, or ashfall from plumes, minor ash emission events were reported over the next few months. Periodic ash emissions continued for the remainder of May, with the last reported ashfall on 26 May. The last lava flow from the major eruptive events of 20 had begun on 29 April and grown to over 2 km long before activity at the fissure ceased on 17 May (figure 185, BGVN 46:06). Activity during June-November 2021 is covered in this report with information provided primarily by Guatemala's Instituto Nacional de Sismologia, Vulcanologia, Meteorologia e Hydrologia (INSIVUMEH). A significant increase in both effusive and explosive activity that began in February 2021 continued through mid-May, decreased later that month, and was followed by minor ash emissions in June and August 2021. In addition, flank fissures were the source of multiple kilometer-long lava flows during 2019-2021. ![]() The latest eruptive period began with intermittent ash plumes and incandescence in June 2015 the growth of a new pyroclastic cone inside the summit crater was confirmed later that year and continued, producing frequent loud Strombolian explosions and ash emissions through May 2021. Lava flow activity ceases mid-May 2021 last ash explosion reported on 13 August 2021Įxtensive lava flows, bomb-laden Strombolian explosions, and ash plumes from Mackenney crater have characterized persistent activity at Pacaya since 1961. ![]()
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